Electricity in motion
Three interactive, simplified animations for learning electrical concepts. These are visual teaching models, not simulations for engineering design.
1. Current in a conductor
Change the illustrative current to see the charge-carrier dots move faster. Conventional current direction is shown by the arrow; electron drift is in the opposite direction.
Particle speeds are greatly exaggerated and are not proportional to real electron drift velocities. This diagram does not model AC charge motion.
2. Three-phase rotating magnetic field
Three balanced phase contributions combine into a rotating field vector. Adjust the frequency to see the electrical rotation speed change.
Illustrative time scaling: animation speed is slowed dramatically. Real motor mechanical speed depends on pole pairs and slip.
3. Voltage drop along a cable
See a simplified voltage profile from the supply to the load. Change one-way cable length to compare the estimated drop.
Illustrative 230 V single-phase copper circuit, 6 mm², 20 A, conductor resistivity 0.01724 Ω·mm²/m at 20 °C. Resistance-only estimate; excludes reactance, temperature rise and protection checks.